The CBSE class 12^th geography exam is divided into 3 parts viz. Part A, Part B and Part C. The first 2 parts carry equal marks of 35 each and will feature questions from Fundamentals of Human Geography and India and People and Economy respectively. The last part will be tested by practical work of the student and carries 30 marks. Sample papers are given below.

Download CBSE 2010 Class Xll Geography Sample Papers
• Geography Sample Paper 1
• Geography Sample Paper 2
• Geography Sample Paper 3
• Geography Sample Paper 4
• Geography Sample Paper 5

Syllabus:

A. Fundamentals of Human Geography (70 Periods) 35 Marks

Unit 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope Periods 3

Unit 2: People Periods 15
_ Population — distribution, density and growth
_ Population change-spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change;
_ Age-sex ratio; rural-urban composition;
_ Human development - concept; selected indicators, international comparisons

Unit 3: Human Activities Periods 25
_ Primary activities - concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence
agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities - some
examples from selected countries;
_ Secondary activities-concept; manufacturing: agro-processing, household, small scale,
large scale; people engaged in secondary activities - some examples from selected
countries;
_ Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and communication; services; people engaged
in tertiary activities - some examples from selected countries
_ Quaternary activities-concept; knowledge based industries; people engaged in quaternary
activities - some examples from selected countries

Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade Periods 19
_ Land transport - roads, railways; trans-continental railways;
_ Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes;
_ Air Transport- Intercontinental air routes;
_ Oil and gas pipelines;
_ Satellite communication and cyber space
_ International trade-Bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade,
role of WTO in International trade.

Unit 5: Human Settlements Periods 8
_ Settlement types - rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega
cities; problems of human settlements in developing countries.

Unit 6: Map Work on identification of features based on above units on
the outline Political map of World.

Part B. India: People and Economy 70 Periods

Unit 7: People Periods 12
_ Population : distribution, density and growth; composition of population - linguistic; sex,
rural-urban and occupational change through time-regional variations;
_ Migration: international, national-causes and consequences;
_ Human development: selected indicators and regional patterns;
_ Population, environment and development.

Unit 8: Human Settlements Periods 8
_ Rural settlements - types and distribution;
_ Urban settlements - types, distribution and functional classification.

Unit 9: Resources and Development Periods 28
_ Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use, Distribution of major crops (Wheat,
Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugar cane and Rubber), agricultural development and
problems.
_ Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses;
scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed
management (one case study related with participatory watershed management to
be introduced).
_ Mineral and energy resources distribution of metallic (Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese)
non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Hydro electricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas).
_ Industries - types, industrial location and clustering; distribution and changing pattern of
selected industries-iron and steel, cotton textiles, sugar, petrochemicals, and knowledge
based industries; impact of liberalization, privatization and globalization on industrial location;
_ Planning in India- target area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case
study)

Unit 10: Transport, Communication and International Trade Periods 12
_ Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas
pipelines; national electric grids; communication networking - radio, television,
satellite and internet;
_ International trade- changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; sea ports and their
hinterland and airports,

Unit 11: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems (One
case study to be introduced for each topic) Periods 10
_ Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal.
_ Urbanization-rural-urban migration; problems of slum.
_ Land Degradation.

Unit 12: Map work on locating and labeling of features based on above
units on outline political map of India 3 Marks

C. Practical Work

Unit I: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping (Periods 20)
_ Sources of data.
_ Tabulating and processing of data; calculation of averages, measures of central tendency,
deviation and rank correlation;
_ Representation of data- construction of diagrams: bars, circles and flowchart; thermatic
maps; construction of dot; choropleth and isopleth maps.
_ Use of computers in data processing and mapping.
Unit II: Field Study or Spatial Information Technology (Periods 10)
Field visit and study: map orientation, observation and preparation of sketch; survey on any one
of the local concerns; pollution, ground water changes, land use and land-use changes, poverty, energy
issues, soil degradation, impact of floods and drought, catchments area of school, Market survey and
Household survey (any one topic of local concern may be taken up for the study; observation and
questionnaire survey may be adopted for the data collection; collected data may be tabulated and
analyzed with diagrams and maps):

OR

Spatial Information Technology
Introduction to GIS; hardware requirements and software modules; data formats; raster and
vector data, data input, editing & topology building; data analysis; overlay & buffer.